Table. 1. Table 1

Cause of drooling.

Area	Causes
Posture	▪ Lack of muscle control of head and neck35,41
	▪ Motor control function decrease40
	▪ Difficulty in maintain upright posture, flexed posture2,39
	▪ Uneffective jaw stability42
Oral motor function	▪ Oral muscles, muscle tone, sensori-motor coordination, oro-facial coordination decrease1,20,43
	▪ Difficulty of lip closure, open mouth position9,14
	▪ Limited tongue movement, coordination of oris orbicularis between masseter decrease2,9,42
	▪ Lack of swallowing coordination2
	▪ Saliva control efficiency decrease3
	▪ Difficulty in bolus formation, weak sucking pressure, dysphagia1
Sensory	▪ Low oral sensitivity6,41
	▪ Low sensory (tactile) awareness30
	▪ Sensory process problem44
	▪ Low sensory response front part of mouth (lips) that detect drooling outside35
Cognition	▪ Concentration, cognitive function, voluntary swallowing frequency decrease2,39,40
	▪ Lack of awareness of oral cavity35
Etc.	▪ Malocclusion7, gingivitis, caries8
	▪ Upper airway infection, nasal congestant, reflux9

J Korean Dysphagia Soc 2021;11:111~120 https://doi.org/10.34160/jkds.2021.11.2.005

© J. Korean Dysphagia Soc.