Table. 1. Table 1

Anatomical causes of dysphagia from hypopharynx to cervical esophagus

Mechanism	Causes
Intraluminal	Cervical esophageal web, Zenker’s diverticulum, Killian-Jamieson’s diverticulum, congenital anomaly
Extraluminal	Cervical osteophyte, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, tortuous carotid artery

J Korean Dysphagia Soc 2023;13:8~14 https://doi.org/10.34160/jkds.2023.13.1.002

© J. Korean Dysphagia Soc.